A good handy white paper on Custody Transfer using Coriolis Meters by MicroMotion. Please click 'Using Coriolis Meters for the Custody Transfer of Natural Gas' to download the paper.

Coriolis flow measurement technology is roughly 25 years old. However, until the early 1990s, the technology was generally viewed as “not working” on gas  applications.

Micro Motion introduced Coriolis meter designs in the early 1990s that solved the technical hurdles of gas measurement, but there was still a widespread belief that Coriolis meters were unfit for gas applications.To help combat these perceptions about Coriolis meters, Micro Motion conducted a wide range of tests at Southwest Research Institute (SwRI) in Texas, Colorado, Engineering Experimental Station (CEESI) in Colorado, Pigsar/Ruhrgas in Germany, and Gasunie in the Netherlands to prove Coriolis' suitability for gas measurement. The tests demonstrated not only that Coriolis meters perform extremely well in gas applications, but that Coriolis meters can be calibrated on water and that calibration is transferable to gas applications.

Read further this White Pape by Emerson 'Improving Profits in Natural Gas Measurement by Using Coriolis Check Meters'

Marine fuel costs represent a major portion (60–70%) of a ship’s operating cost. With increasing oil prices and conservation efforts, careful fuel management and increased engine efficiency have become vital for environmental and financial reasons. Fuel flow measurement with Coriolis technology provides the foundation for increased fuel efficiency and accurate accounting of fuel purchases. Even a medium-sized 30,000 DWT vessel can consume 20 tons of fuel oil per day, which at today’s prices is greater than USD6,000 per day.  This white paper describes how Micro Motion Coriolis meters can decrease the cost and waste associated with the fuel supply chain, from on-shore blending and barge loading to ship bunkering and fuel efficiency optimization.

To further read this paper please click 'Marine Fuel Management'

(White Paper by General Monitors): In order to mitigate the potential spread of hazardous events, General Monitors is recommending the use of technology diversification. The term “diversification” is commonly used in the fire, gas, and safety industry to describe the principle behind protection layers; whereby safety layers that don’t share common failures are designed to reduce the probability and severity of hazardous events2.

An effective approach for technology diversity is to use the human sensory model. Like a person who is able to assess danger through his senses, fire and gas systems that rely on a combination of ultrasonic, optical, and conventional detection can provide a better picture of overall plant safety.

To further read this White Paper please click 'Diversified Technologies for Fixed Gas Detection'